Pamukkale Travertines

TR-Pamukkale Travertenleri Türkiyenin Başlıca Bilindik Turizm Merkezleri Arasında Yer Almaktadır.
ENG-Pamukkale travertine in Turkey Between Place Al Tourism is the main known.
Pamukkale, meaning “cotton castle” in Turkish, is a natural site in south-western Turkey in the Denizli Province. The city contains hot springs and travertines, terraces of carbonate minerals left by the flowing water. It is located in Turkey’s Inner Aegean region, in the River Menderes valley, which has a temperate climate for most of the year.
Pamukkale’s terraces are made of travertine, a sedimentary rock deposited by water from the hot springs.
In this area, there are 17 hot water springs in which the temperature ranges from 35 °C (95 °F) to 100 °C (212 °F).
The water that emerges from the spring is transported 320 metres (1,000 ft) to the head of the travertine terraces and deposits calcium carbonate on a section 60 to 70 metres (200 to 230 ft) long covering an expanse of 240 metres (790 ft) to 300 metres (980 ft). When the water, supersaturated with calcium carbonate, reaches the surface, carbon dioxide degases from it, and calcium carbonate is deposited. The depositing continues until the carbon dioxide in the water balances the carbon dioxide in the air. Calcium carbonate is deposited by the water as a soft jelly, but this eventually hardens into travertine.
This reaction is affected by the weather conditions, ambient temperature, and the flow duration. Precipitation continues until the carbon dioxide in the thermal water reaches equilibrium with the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Measurements made at the source of the springs find atmospheric levels of 725 mg/l carbon dioxide, by the time this water flows across the travertines, this figure falls to 145 mg/l. Likewise calcium carbonate falls from 1200 mg/l to 400 mg/l and calcium 576.8 mg/l to 376.6 mg/l. From these results it is calculated that 499.9 mg of CaCO3 is deposited on the travertine for every liter of water. This means that for a flow rate of 1 ı/s of water 43191 grams are deposited daily. The average density of a travertine is 1.48 g/cm3 implying a deposit of 29.2 dm3. Given that the average flow of the water is 465.2 l/s this implies that it can whiten 13584 m2 a day, but in practice this areal coverage is difficult to attain. These theoretical calculations indicate that up to. 4.9 km2 it can be covered with a white deposit of 1 mm thickness.
Do İn Pamukkale
You can walk down barefooted in the waterfalls from the village on top. The place is crowded when the tour-buses arrive.
You should use slippers. You can not keep shoes dry and some say it is not allowed to use shoes.
Lower part of travatine got more magnificent view compare to top.
You should wear swimming suit. A lot of people bath in the baths here
If neccessary, there is a road up where busses drop of people who only walk down
It gets here very hot
If you stay at one of the small pensions they might give you a tour of the ruins and travertines at night.
It is worth seeing the remains of the ancient city of Aphrodisias. You can rent a van from Denizli to get there. Or the local hotels run tours for approx 25 lira.
Also there are thermal baths at the top of the travertine pools and the ancient city of Hierapolis with a great Amphytheatre.
Of moderate interest might be Denizli it’s a bit dull but there’s a lively market.
Loadikya is another less visited ruin site only 10 km from Pamukkale on the local dolmus. There are usually few tourists. Peaceful way to spend a day looking at ruins but also the beautiful scenery there as well.